Hubungan Usia dan Komorbid Diabetes Melitus dengan Derajat Keparahan Katarak di Bireuen Eye Center

Abstract

Cataracts are a condition of cloudiness of the eye lens due to hydration or protein denaturation that is the cause of 80% of blindness in Indonesia by 2024. Cataracts arise due to various factors, both from within the self intrinsically (age, gender and diabetes mellitus) and from outside extrinsic (exposure to UV rays, smoking, long-term use of corticosteroids, eye trauma and radiation). Age factors magnify the risk significantly, while comorbid DM triggers osmotic stress due to sorbitol accumulation that causes cataracts to appear younger and progressive. People with diabetes are not only at risk of developing cataracts at a younger age, but also tend to have a more clinical and progressive degree of severity than individuals without metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age and comorbidities of diabetes mellitus and the severity of cataracts at Bireuen Eye Center. This type of research is an analytical method with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is a total sampling of 442 people. The results of univariate analysis showed that cataract patients were dominated by the elderly category (≥ 60 years), which was 71%, did not have comorbid DM 87.6% and the severity of cataracts was in degree III (6/18 - 6/60), which was 39.4% in the right eye and 38.9% in the left eye. The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained a p-value value in relation to the severity of cataracts in the right and left eyes of 0.04 and comorbid DM with the severity of cataracts of 0.006 in the right eye and 0.001 in the left eye. These results suggest that there is a significant association between age and comorbid DM and the severity of cataracts in the right and left eyes.